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1958 Canadian federal election

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1958 Canadian federal election

← 1957 March 31, 1958 1962 →

265 seats in the House of Commons
133 seats needed for a majority
Turnout79.4% (Increase5.3pp)
  First party Second party
 
Leader John Diefenbaker Lester B. Pearson
Party Progressive Conservative Liberal
Leader since December 14, 1956 January 16, 1958
Leader's seat Prince Albert Algoma East
Last election 112 105
Seats won 208 48
Seat change Increase96 Decrease57
Popular vote 3,910,852 2,459,700
Percentage 53.67% 33.75%
Swing Increase14.64pp Decrease8.58pp

  Third party Fourth party
 
Leader Major James Coldwell Solon Earl Low
Party Co-operative Commonwealth Social Credit
Leader since March 22, 1942 April 6, 1944
Leader's seat Rosetown—Biggar (lost re-election) Peace River
(lost re-election)
Last election 25 19
Seats won 8 0
Seat change Decrease17 Decrease19
Popular vote 692,398 188,717
Percentage 9.50% 2.59%
Swing Decrease1.21pp Decrease4.03pp


The Canadian parliament after the 1958 election

Prime Minister before election

John Diefenbaker
Progressive Conservative

Prime Minister after election

John Diefenbaker
Progressive Conservative

The 1958 Canadian federal election was held to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 24th Parliament of Canada on March 31, 1958, just nine months after the 23rd election. It transformed Prime Minister John Diefenbaker's minority into the largest majority government in Canadian history and the second-largest percentage of the popular vote. Although the Tories would surpass their 1958 seat total in the 1984 election, the 1958 result (achieved in a smaller House) remains unmatched both in terms of percentage of seats (78.5%) and the size of the government majority over all opposition parties (a 151-seat majority). Voter turnout was 79.4%.[1]

Overview

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Diefenbaker called a snap election and capitalized on three factors:

  • Nationally, the Liberals had just chosen a new leader, Lester Pearson, who had given an ill-advised maiden speech in Commons that asked Diefenbaker to resign and recommend the Governor General allow the Liberals to form a government without an election due to the recent economic downturn. Diefenbaker seized on the remark by describing a series of classified Liberal Cabinet documents stating that the economy would face a downturn in that year. This contrasted heavily with the Liberals' 1957 campaign promises. As election day drew near, the Liberals realized they had no chance of returning to power and hoped only to hold onto at least 100 seats. They were cut down to only 48, at the time the smallest seat count in their history.
  • A turnaround in Quebec: Quebec had been largely Liberal since the Conscription Crisis of 1917, but upon the resignation of former Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent, the province had no favourite son leader, as they had since 1948, and its voters were open to new options. Seeking a greater voice in Ottawa, Quebec Premier Maurice Duplessis' Union Nationale used their party machine to ally with the Tories, allowing Diefenbaker's Progressive Conservatives to win two thirds of the seats in what had been a Liberal stronghold for a generation. While the Liberals finished only four percentage points behind the Tories in Quebec, much of their vote was wasted racking up large majorities in their traditional safest seats. Nevertheless, the 25 seats the Liberals won in Quebec accounted for more than half of their decimated caucus and, on a proportional basis, was their best performance after Newfoundland.
  • A collapse in support for the Social Credit Party, which lost all 19 of its seats. While it took half the votes it had taken in 1957, third parties historically do not do well in landslides, especially in first-past-the-post voting systems. Prior to the 1957 election, the Socreds were seen as a credible threat to replace the Tories as the main right-wing party in the country, as they had done in British Columbia and Alberta, but the popularity of the Diefenbaker government persuaded many Social Credit supporters to abandon the party. That not only allowed the Tories to pick up Social Credit seats, but also proved decisive in many seats that were four-way races between the PCs, Social Credit, Liberals, and CCF. Notably, the Tories swept all seventeen seats in Alberta, where they had previously held just three seats to Social Credit's thirteen (and Liberal one seat). The election proved to be the start of a long decline for the federal Social Credit Party. It would never seriously challenge the PCs dominance again in federal politics (even in the West) although the BC Social Credit Party would govern that province for all but three years until 1991.

Opinion polling

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During the 23rd Parliament of Canada

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Evolution of voting intentions at national level
Polling firm Last day
of survey
Source PC LPC CCF SC Other Undecided ME Sample
Election 1958 March 31, 1958 53.67 33.75 9.50 2.59 0.49 7,284,467
Gallup March 1958 [2] 56 32 7 4 1 13
Gallup January 1958 [3] 50 35 9 6 4.0
Gallup November 1957 [3] 50 33 9 7 1
Gallup October 1957 [3] 48 34 10 7 1
Gallup July 1957 [4] 47 35 10 8
Election 1957 June 10, 1957 38.50 40.45 10.59 6.54 3.92 6,680,690

Regional polling

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Quebec

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Evolution of voting intentions at provincial level
Polling firm Last day
of survey
Source PC LPC CCF Other ME Sample
Election 1958 March 31, 1958 49.6 45.6 2.3 2.5
Gallup March 1958 [5] 49 45
Gallup January 1958 [3] 42 51 3 4
Gallup November 1957 [3] 43 50 1 6
Gallup July 1957 [4] 40 54
Election 1957 June 10, 1957 30.7 56.8 1.8 10.7

Ontario

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Evolution of voting intentions at provincial level
Polling firm Last day
of survey
Source PC LPC CCF Other ME Sample
Election 1958 March 31, 1958 56.4 32.1 10.5 1.1
Gallup January 1958 [3] 58 31 9 1
Gallup November 1957 [3] 57 31 10 2
Election 1957 June 10, 1957 48.1 36.6 11.9 2.1

Maritime

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Evolution of voting intentions at regional level
Polling firm Last day
of survey
Source PC LPC CCF Other ME Sample
Election 1958 March 31, 1958
Gallup January 1958 [3] 57 40 2 1
Gallup November 1957 [3] 61 37 1 1
Election 1957 June 10, 1957

Western Canada

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Evolution of voting intentions at regional level
Polling firm Last day
of survey
Source PC LPC CCF Other ME Sample
Election 1958 March 31, 1958
Gallup January 1958 [3] 44 20 19 17
Gallup November 1957 [3] 45 17 17 21
Election 1957 June 10, 1957

National results

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Party Party leader # of
candidates
Seats Popular vote
1957 Elected % Change # % pp Change
  Progressive Conservative John Diefenbaker 265 111 208 +87.4% 3,908,633 53.66% +14.85
  Liberal Lester B. Pearson 264 104 48 -53.8% 2,432,953 33.40% -7.35
  Co-operative Commonwealth M.J. Coldwell 169 25 8 -68.0% 692,668 9.51% -1.20
  Liberal–Labour 1 1 1 0% 11,956 0.16% -
Social Credit Solon Low 82 19 - -100% 188,356 2.59% -3.99
  Independent 9 2 - -100% 14,211 0.20% -0.87
  Independent Liberal 10 2 - -100% 12,054 0.17% -1.25
Labor–Progressive Tim Buck 18 - - - 9,769 0.13% +0.02
  Candidats des électeurs Réal Caouette 1 - - - 8,276 0.11% -0.01
  Independent PC 5 1 - -100% 2,097 0.03% -0.19
  Socialist 2 * - * 1,113 0.02% *
  Capital familial H-G Grenier 1 * - * 968 0.01% *
  Radical chrétien 1 * - * 687 0.01% *
  Independent SC 1 - - - 361 x -0.04
  Ouvrier canadien 1 * - * 243 x *
  Independent Conservative 1 * - * 122 x *
Total 831 265 265 - 7,284,467 100.00%  
Sources: http://www.elections.ca History of Federal Ridings since 1867 Archived 2008-12-04 at the Wayback Machine

Notes:

"Previous" refers to standings at previous election, not to standings in the House of Commons at dissolution.

* The party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.

x - less than 0.005% of the popular vote

Vote and seat summaries

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Popular vote
PC
53.67%
Liberal
33.75%
CCF
9.50%
Social Credit
2.59%
Others
0.84%
Seat totals
PC
78.49%
Liberal
18.11%
CCF
3.01%
Others
0.37%

Results by province

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Party name BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL YK NW Total
  Progressive Conservative Seats: 18 17 16 14 67 50 7 12 4 2 1 - 208
  Vote (%): 49.4 59.9 51.4 56.7 56.4 49.6 54.1 57.0 62.2 45.2 54.5 42.8 53.7
  Liberal Seats: - - - - 14 25 3 - - 5 - 1 48
  Vote (%): 16.1 13.7 19.6 21.6 32.1 45.6 43.4 38.4 37.5 54.4 43.3 57.2 33.4
  Co-operative Commonwealth Seats: 4 - 1 - 3 - - - - -     8
  Vote (%): 24.5 4.4 28.4 19.6 10.5 2.3 1.8 4.5 0.3 0.2     9.5
  Liberal-Labour Seats:         1               1
  Vote (%):         0.5               0.2
Total Seats 22 17 17 14 85 75 10 12 4 7 1 1 265
Parties that won no seats:
Social Credit Vote (%): 9.6 21.6 0.4 1.8 0.3 0.6 0.7           2.6
  Independent Vote (%):     xx xx 0.1 0.6             0.2
  Independent Liberal Vote (%):           0.6       0.2     0.2
Labor–Progressive Vote (%): 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1             0.1
  C. des électeurs Vote (%):           0.4             0.1
  Independent PC Vote (%):   0.1     0.1               xx
Socialist Vote (%):         xx xx             xx
  Capitale familiale Vote (%):           xx             xx
  Radical chrétien Vote (%):           xx             xx
  Independent SC Vote (%):   0.1                     xx
  Ouvrier canadien Vote (%):           xx             xx
  Ind. Conservative Vote (%):                     2.3   xx

xx - less than 0.05% of the popular vote

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Pomfret, R. "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Elections Canada. Retrieved February 23, 2014.
  2. ^ Blakely, Arthur (August 20, 1957). "Polls indicate PCs due for big win". The Montreal Gazette. p. 1.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Léger regain libéral depuis novembre; peu de changement". La Presse. February 1, 1958. p. 6.
  4. ^ a b Swanson, Frank (August 20, 1957). "The most popular party". The Ottawa Citizen. p. 1.
  5. ^ "Diefenbaker à Timmins". Le Nouvelliste. March 21, 1958. p. 1.

Further reading

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