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Gojong of Goryeo

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Gojong of Goryeo
고려 고종
高麗 高宗
King of Goryeo
Reign1213–1259
Coronation1213
Gang'an Hall, Gaegyeong
PredecessorGangjong of Goryeo
SuccessorWonjong of Goryeo
BornWang Jil
1192
Gaegyeong, Goryeo
Died1259 (1260) (aged 67)
Yugyeong's house, Ganghwa-gun, Goryeo
Burial
Hongneung (홍릉, 洪陵)[1]
San–180, Gukhwa-ri, Ganghwa-eup, Ganghwa-gun, Incheon
Spouse
(m. 1211; died 1232)
IssueWonjong of Goryeo
Yeongjong of Goryeo
Princess Suheung
A daughter
Posthumous name
Great King Anhyo
(안효대왕, 安孝大王; given by Goryeo dynasty)
King Chungheon
(충헌왕, 忠憲王; given by Yuan dynasty in 1310)
Temple name
Gojong (고종, 高宗)
HouseWang
FatherGangjong of Goryeo
MotherQueen Wondeok
ReligionBuddhism
Korean name
Hangul
고종
Hanja
Revised RomanizationGojong
McCune–ReischauerKojong
Birth name
Hangul
왕질, later 왕철
Hanja
, later
Revised RomanizationWang Jil, later Wang Cheol
McCune–ReischauerWang Chil, later Wang Ch'ŏl
Courtesy name
Hangul
대명 or 천우
Hanja
Revised RomanizationDaemyeong or Cheonu
McCune–ReischauerTaemyŏng or Ch'ŏnu
Posthumous name
Hangul
안효대왕
Hanja
Revised RomanizationAnhyo Daewang
McCune–ReischauerAnhyo Taewang

Gojong of Goryeo (1192–1259), personal name Wang Cheol, was the 23rd king of the Korean Goryeo dynasty, ruling from 1213 to 1259. Gojong's reign was marked by prolonged conflict with the Mongol Empire, which sought to conquer Goryeo, ending only to settle peace in 1259. During his reign actual power rested with the Choe family of military dictators.

Biography

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Although ascending to the throne in 1213, Gojong did not wield much power due to decades of military rule over Goryeo.[2] In 1216, the Khitan invaded Goryeo but was defeated. In August 1232, Gojong moved the capital of Goryeo from Songdo to the island of Ganghwa and started the construction of significant defenses there, in order to better defend from the Mongol threat. Gojong resisted the Mongol invasion for nearly thirty years before the kingdom was forced to make peace with the Mongols in 1259; Gojong died soon after.[3]

In 1251, the carving of the Tripitaka Koreana, a collection of Buddhist scriptures recorded on some 81,000 wooden blocks, was completed. The work was perhaps motivated by Gojong's hopes to change fortunes through the act of religious devotion; however the originals were later destroyed by the Mongols — the existing Tripitaka is a replica of Gojong's original, and was commissioned around one hundred years after the originals were lost.

Gojong was married to Queen Anhye, daughter of Huijong, the twenty-first king of Goryeo. His tomb is located near the city of Incheon.

Family

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  1. Queen Anhye of the Yu clan (안혜왕후유씨, d.1233), his second cousin
    1. Wonjong of Goryeo (고려원종, 5 April 1219 – 23 July 1274), first son
    2. Yeongjong of Goryeo (고려 영종, August 1223 ), second son
    3. Princess Suheung (수흥궁주), first daughter
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See also

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References

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  1. ^ One of the four Goryeo Royal Tombs who left in South Korea, along with:
  2. ^ "[Why] [이한우의 역사속의 Why] 고려판 강화도령 강종 조선의 철종과 닮은꼴". Chosun Ilbo. February 7, 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  3. ^ 이, 윤옥 (December 23, 2020). "고려시대 고종 무덤에는 산새만 울어대네". Koya Culture. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
Gojong of Goryeo
Born: 3 February 1192 Died: 21 July 1259
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Goryeo
1213–1259
Succeeded by