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1953 in science

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List of years in science (table)
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The year 1953 involved numerous significant events in science and technology, including the first description of the DNA double helix, the discovery of neutrinos, and the release of the first polio vaccine.

Biology

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25 April 1953: the DNA double helix is first formally described.

Chemistry

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Computer sciences

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Earth sciences

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Mathematics

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Medicine and human sciences

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Paleontology

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Physics

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Technology

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Events

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  • January 13 – "Doctors' plot": The state newspaper Pravda publishes an article alleging that many of the Soviet Union's top doctors are part of a major plot to poison the country's senior political and military leaders.[27]
  • February 16 – The Pakistan Academy of Sciences is established.
  • October 9 – As part of an extended series of publications on science, Pope Pius XII publishes "The Technician", which instructs scientists to restrict themselves to the study of physical matter and do nothing to undermine the idea of a non-material soul or a Superior Being. "The Technician" is delivered as a papal address on October 9.
  • Rudolf Carnap publishes an article called "Testability and Meaning" in Readings in the Philosophy of Science, which moves away from the philosophical position of logical positivism with respect to science (particularly the heavily mathematical sciences, such as physics). Carnap instead emphasizes the idea that progress in science depends on the gradual accumulation of many small results that support human understanding of the world, a view more in line with Ludwig Wittgenstein's later philosophy and the biological sciences.

Prizes

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Nobel Prize

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Births

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Deaths

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Watson, J. D.; Crick, F. H. C. (1953). "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid". Nature. 171 (4356): 737–738. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..737W. doi:10.1038/171737a0. PMID 13054692. S2CID 4253007.
  2. ^ "Scientists describe 'secret of life'". On This Day. BBC. April 25, 1953. Archived from the original on December 22, 2007. Retrieved January 10, 2008.
  3. ^ Wilkins, M. H. F.; Stokes, A. R.; Wilson, H. R. (1953). "Molecular Structure of Deoxypentose Nucleic Acids" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4356): 738–740. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..738W. doi:10.1038/171738a0. PMID 13054693. S2CID 4280080. Retrieved March 1, 2011.
  4. ^ Franklin, Rosalind E.; Gosling, R. G. (1953). "Molecular Configuration in Sodium Thymonucleate" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4356): 740–741. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..740F. doi:10.1038/171740a0. PMID 13054694. S2CID 4268222. Retrieved March 1, 2011.
  5. ^ Francis Crick (1916–2004) and James Watson (b. 1928) together discovered the double helix structure of DNA, the "blueprint of life." Surprisingly, when ... Archived 2015-04-07 at the Wayback Machine history1900s.about.com
  6. ^ Miller, Stanley L. (1953). "A Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions". Science. 117 (3046): 528–9. Bibcode:1953Sci...117..528M. doi:10.1126/science.117.3046.528. JSTOR 1680569. PMID 13056598. S2CID 38897285.
  7. ^ Pariser R.; Parr R. G. (1953). "A Semi‐Empirical Theory of the Electronic Spectra and Electronic Structure of Complex Unsaturated Molecules. II". Journal of Chemical Physics. 21 (5): 767. Bibcode:1953JChPh..21..767P. doi:10.1063/1.1699030.
  8. ^ Pople, J. A. (1953). "Electron interaction in unsaturated hydrocarbons". Transactions of the Faraday Society. 49: 1375. doi:10.1039/tf9534901375.
  9. ^ Cecchin, Giuliano; Morini, Giampiero; Piemontesi, Fabrizio (2003). "Ziegler–Natta Catalysts". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/0471238961.2609050703050303.a01. ISBN 0471238961.
  10. ^ Turing, Alan M. (1953). "Some calculations of the Riemann zeta-function". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 3: 99–117. doi:10.1112/plms/s3-3.1.99.
  11. ^ Ewing, Maurice; Heezen, Bruce C.; Ericson, D. B.; Northrop, John; Dorman, James (July 1953). "Exploration of the Northwest Atlantic Mid-ocean Canyon". Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 64 (7): 865–868. Bibcode:1953GSAB...64..865E. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[865:EOTNAM]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0016-7606.
  12. ^ Roth, K. F. (1953). "On certain sets of integers". Journal of the London Mathematical Society. 2nd series. 28: 104–109. doi:10.1112/jlms/s1-28.1.104. MR 0051853.
  13. ^ Chen, William; Vaughan, Robert (2017-06-14). "Klaus Friedrich Roth, 29 October 1925–10 November 2015". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 63: 487–525. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2017.0014. ISSN 0080-4606.
  14. ^ Cohn, Lawrence H. (May 2003). "Fifty years of open-heart surgery". Circulation. 107 (17): 2168–70. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000071746.50876.E2. PMID 12732590. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  15. ^ Levy, Adam (12 January 2021). "The heart of invention". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-011221-1. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  16. ^ Kay, A. W. (1953). "Effect of Large Doses of Histamine on Gastric Secretion of HCl". British Medical Journal. 2 (4827): 77–80. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4827.77. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 2028464. PMID 13051582.
  17. ^ Scoville, William Beecher; Milner, Brenda (1957). "Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 20 (1): 11–21. doi:10.1136/jnnp.20.1.11. PMC 497229. PMID 13406589.
  18. ^ Aserinsky, Eugene; Kleitman, Nathaniel (1953). "Regularly Occurring Periods of Eye Motility, and Concomitant Phenomena, During Sleep". Science. 118 (3062): 273–274. Bibcode:1953Sci...118..273A. doi:10.1126/science.118.3062.273. JSTOR 1680525. PMID 13089671. S2CID 43636051.
  19. ^ Davison, Nicola (2017-10-06). "Why can't we cure the common cold?". The Guardian. London. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  20. ^ Healy, D. (2001). "The Antidepressant Drama". In Weissman, M.M. (ed.). The treatment of depression: bridging the 21st century. American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-0-88048-397-1. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
  21. ^ Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-02-929040-6.
  22. ^ Weiner, J. S.; Oakley, K. P.; Le Gros Clark, W. E. (1953-11-20). "The Solution of the Piltdown Problem". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series. 2 (3): 141–6.
  23. ^ "Piltdown Man forgery". The Times. London. 1953-11-21. p. 6.
  24. ^ "End as a Man". Time. 1953-11-30. Archived from the original on 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2010-11-11.
  25. ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9.
  26. ^ Reines, F.; Cowan, C. L. Jr. (November 1953). "Detection of the Free Neutrino". Physical Review. 92 (3): 830–831. Bibcode:1953PhRv...92..830R. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.92.830.
  27. ^ "Doctors' Plot | alleged conspiracy, Soviet Union [1953]". Encyclopædia Britannica. 20 July 1998. Archived from the original on 2015-09-06.
  28. ^ "Professor Maria Petrou". The Daily Telegraph. London. 2012-11-11. Retrieved 2012-11-11.