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List of szlachta

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Polish Nobleman, by Rembrandt, 1637

The szlachta (Polish: szlachta, [ˈʂlaxta] ) was a privileged social class in the Kingdom of Poland. The term szlachta was also used for the Lithuanian nobility after the union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Poland as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Union of Lublin, 1569) and for the increasingly Polonized nobilities of territories controlled by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, including Ducal Prussia and the Ruthenian lands.

The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a semi-confederated, semi-federated monarchic republic from 1569 until 1795, comprising the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The head of state was an elected monarch. The Commonwealth's dominant social class was the nobility. This article chiefly lists the nobility's magnate segment (the wealthier nobility), as they were the most prominent, famous, and notable. These families would receive non-hereditary 'central' and Land dignities and titles under the Commonwealth law that forbade (with minor exceptions) any hereditary legal distinctions within the peerage. They would later be 'approximated' to honorary hereditary titles in the Partition period with little real-power privileges but would still be venerated among the Polish upper class and the rest of the society as 'senatorial', 'palatinal', 'castellanial' or "dignitarial' families.

"Szlachta" is the proper term for Polish nobility beginning about the 15th century. Most powerful members of szlachta were known as magnates ("magnaci" or the "magnateria" class). A Polish nobleman who lived earlier is referred to as a "rycerz" ("knight"); the class of all such individuals is the "rycerstwo" (the "chivalry" class). Most powerful members of "rycerstwo" were known as "możnowładcy" (the "moznowładztwo" class).

By family

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Below is a list of most important Polish noble (szlachta) families. The families listed are the famous magnates families - ones that had accumulated great wealth and political power, generally preserved across several centuries. Please note that this list is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all szlachta families. For the list of lesser known but still notable Polish noble families, see the corresponding category

All names are given first in the singular, then (parenthetically) in the plural.

By year of birth

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Listed below are prominent szlachta of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, by century and year of birth.

In many cases, birth year is uncertain or unknown. Under the Commonwealth, most people—including szlachta—paid little attention to their birth dates.

15th century

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Jan Amor Tarnowski
Jan Łaski
  • Wojciech Jastrzębiec (Jastrzebski) 1362-1436 Archbishop of Gneizno

16th century

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Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
Stefan Czarniecki
Stanisław Rewera Potocki
Mikołaj Spytek Ligęza
Mikołaj Rej
Jan Magnus Tęczyński
Jan Zamoyski
Mikołaj Zebrzydowski
Stanisław Żółkiewski

17th century

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Elżbieta Czartoryska
Jan Dobrogost Krasiński
Stanisław I Leszczyński
Marianna Lubomirska
Józef Poniatowski
Stanisław Poniatowski
Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki
Michał Kazimierz Ogiński
Elżbieta Sieniawska
Aleksander Benedykt Sobieski
Konstanty Władysław Sobieski

18th century

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Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski
Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
Maria Leszczyńska
Michał Kleofas Ogiński
Stanisław Poniatowski
Ignacy Potocki
Jan Potocki
Stanisław Kostka Potocki
Kazimierz Pułaski
Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł

19th century

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Izabela Czartoryska
Agenor Maria Gołuchowski
Ewelina Hańska
Emilia Plater
Alfred Józef Potocki
Edward Bernard Raczyński

20th century

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Adam Zamoyski
Beata Tyszkiewicz

Nobility privileges were abolished under the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939). Nobility obligations are not addressed. This would leave the legal status of nobility as consisting of obligations only had the article been not later revoked anyway.[citation needed]

Fictional nobles

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Michael Subritzky-Kusza. "The Titled Families of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth". Polish Genealogical Society of America. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  2. ^ Dunning, Chester; Emerson, Caryl; Fomichev, Sergei; Lotman, Lidiia (2006-04-15). The Uncensored Boris Godunov: The Case for Pushkin's Original Comedy. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 498. ISBN 978-0-299-20763-2.
  3. ^ (in Polish) Czartoryscy, Encyklopedia WIEM
  4. ^ Puslowski, Xavier Jon (29 December 2011). The Nobility of Poland: Landowners of Poland : A Personal View. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781456488338.
  5. ^ Wieslaw Filipczyk, Charles I the emperor of Austria confirms membership of the Lanckoronski family Archived 2009-02-04 at the Wayback Machine, poland.pl
  6. ^ Walter A. Baran (2003). Feet First: A Memoir. Xlibris Corporation. p. 238. ISBN 978-1-4691-0920-6.
  7. ^ Adam Hornecki, Produkcja i handel zbożowy w latyfundium Lubomirskich, c.1650–1750 [Grain Production and Trade in the Lubomirski Latifundium, c.1650–1750], PAN: Prace Komisji Nauk Historycznych, Wrocław, 1970
  8. ^ Jerzy Jan Lerski; Piotr Wróbel; Richard J. Kozicki (1996). Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. Greenwood Publishing. p. 399. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
  9. ^ (in Polish) Ostrogscy, PWN Encyklopedia
  10. ^ (in Polish) Ostrorogowie Archived 2012-03-31 at the Wayback Machine, PWN Encyklopedia
  11. ^ Jerzy Jan Lerski; Piotr Wróbel; Richard J. Kozicki (1996). Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. Greenwood Publishing. p. 415. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
  12. ^ Jerzy Jan Lerski; Piotr Wróbel; Richard J. Kozicki (1996). Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. Greenwood Publishing. p. 464.
  13. ^ (in Polish) POTOCCY, Encyklopedia Interia
  14. ^ (in Polish) Potoccy, WIEM Encyklopedia
  15. ^ (in Polish) RADZIWIŁŁOWIE, Encyklopedia Interia
  16. ^ (in Polish) Radziwiłłowie, WIEM Encyklopedia
  17. ^ (in Polish) Sapiehowie, WIEM Encyklopedia
  18. ^ (in Polish) Sanguszkowie, WIEM Encyklopedia
  19. ^ "Предводитель дворянства Скаржинский Александр Матвеевич и отдельные представители его рода".
  20. ^ (in Polish) Tarnowscy, PWN Encyklopedia
  21. ^ (in Polish) Tęczyńscy Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine, PWN Encyklopedia
  22. ^ Jerzy Jan Lerski; Piotr Wróbel; Richard J. Kozicki (1996). Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. Greenwood Publishing. p. 616.
  23. ^ Jerzy Jan Lerski; Piotr Wróbel; Richard J. Kozicki (1996). Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. Greenwood Publishing. p. 654. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
  24. ^ a b Jerzy Jan Lerski; Piotr Wróbel; Richard J. Kozicki (1996). Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 677–678. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
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