Don Mueang International Airport
Don Mueang International Airport ท่าอากาศยานดอนเมือง Tha-akatsayan Don Mueang สนามบินดอนเมือง Sanambin Don Mueang | |||||||||||||||
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Summary | |||||||||||||||
Airport type | Public / Military | ||||||||||||||
Owner | Royal Thai Air Force | ||||||||||||||
Operator | Airports of Thailand | ||||||||||||||
Serves | Bangkok Metropolitan Region | ||||||||||||||
Location | 222 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, Sanambin, Don Mueang, Bangkok, Thailand | ||||||||||||||
Opened | 27 March 1914 | ||||||||||||||
Operating base for |
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Elevation AMSL | 3 m / 9 ft | ||||||||||||||
Coordinates | 13°54′45″N 100°36′24″E / 13.91250°N 100.60667°E | ||||||||||||||
Website | donmueang | ||||||||||||||
Maps | |||||||||||||||
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Runways | |||||||||||||||
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Statistics (2023) | |||||||||||||||
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Sources: Airports of Thailand[2] |
Don Mueang International Airport (IATA: DMK, ICAO: VTBD), known as Bangkok International Airport before 2006, is one of two international airports serving Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, the other being Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK).
The airport is considered one of the world's oldest international airports and one of Asia's oldest operating airports.[3] It officially opened as a Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) base on 27 March 1914, although it had been in use earlier. Commercial flights began in 1924, making it one of the world's oldest commercial airports. The airport consists of Terminal 1 for international flights and Terminal 2 for domestic flights, which are connected by a unique glass exterior elevated walkway. The airport also featured an exterior walkway connected to the Amari hotel. The first commercial flight was an arrival by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines.[4]
In September 2006, Don Mueang Airport was closed and replaced by the new Suvarnabhumi Airport,[5] before reopening on 24 March 2007 after renovations. Since the opening of the new airport, Don Mueang has become a regional commuter flight hub and the de facto low-cost airline hub. In 2015, it became the world's largest low-cost carrier airport.[6] It still maintains its position as the second-busiest airport in the country.
Don Mueang previously carried the IATA airport code BKK, which was reassigned to Suvarnabhumi, and was an important hub of Asia and the hub of Thai Airways International prior to its closure. At its peak, it served most[clarification needed] air traffic for the entire country, with 80 airlines operating 160,000 flights and handling over 38 million passengers and 700,000 tons of cargo in 2004. It was then the 14th-busiest airport in the world and second in Asia by passenger volume. Currently, Don Mueang is the main operating base for Nok Air, Thai AirAsia, and Thai Lion Air.
History
[edit]"Don Mueang" airfield was the second established in Thailand, after Sra Pathum Airfield, which is now Sra Pathum horse racing course, known as the Royal Bangkok Sports Club. The first flights to Don Mueang were made on 8 March 1914 and involved the transfer of aircraft of the Royal Thai Air Force. Three years earlier, Thailand had sent three army officers to France to train as pilots. On completion of their training in 1911, the pilots were authorized to purchase seven aircraft, three Breguets and four Nieuports, which formed the basis of the Royal Thai Air Force. Sra Pathum airfield was established in February 1911 with an arrival by Orville Wright, seven years after the invention of the first airplane by the Wright brothers on 17 December 1903.[7]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Don_Mueang_Airport_Terminal_2_front.jpg/220px-Don_Mueang_Airport_Terminal_2_front.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/DMK_Terminal_2.jpg/220px-DMK_Terminal_2.jpg)
In 1933, the airfield was the scene of heavy fighting between royalists and government forces during the Boworadet Rebellion. The airfield was used by the occupying Japanese during World War II, and was bombed and strafed by Allied aircraft on several occasions.[citation needed]
After the war had finished in September 1945, the airfield was occupied by the RAF during the brief British occupation of Thailand until March 1946 when 211 Squadron, which moved there in October 1945, was disbanded.[8]
In May 2005, Thai Airways International introduced nonstop service between Bangkok and New York City using Airbus A340-500s.[9]
Closure
[edit]The night of 27–28 September 2006 was the official end of operations at Don Mueang airport. The last commercial flights were:
- International departure: Although scheduled for Kuwait Airways KU414 to Kuwait at 02:50,[10] Qantas flight QF302 to Sydney, originally scheduled for 18:00, was delayed for more than nine hours before finally taking off at 03:12, about ten minutes after the Kuwait flight. Qantas claimed that QF302 was an extra flight.[11]
- International arrival: Kuwait Airways from Jakarta at 01:30[12]
- Domestic departure: Thai Airways TG124 to Chiang Mai at 22:15 (coincidentally, when Thai moved domestic operations back to Don Mueang again on 28 March 2009, their last departure was also a 22:15 flight to Chiang Mai)
- Domestic arrival: Thai Airways TG216 from Phuket at 23:00
Before the opening of Suvarnabhumi, the airport used the IATA airport code BKK and the name was spelled "Don Muang". After Suvarnabhumi opened for commercial flights, the spelling was changed and as "Don Mueang" it assigned the new IATA airport code DMK, though it still retains the ICAO airport code VTBD. The traditional spelling is still used by many airlines and by most Thais.
Reopening
[edit]Commercial carriers deserted Don Mueang at the opening of Suvarnabhumi Airport. But the higher operating costs of the new airport and safety concerns over cracked runways at the new airport caused many to seek a return to Don Mueang. Low-cost airlines led demands for a reopening of the airport. Airports of Thailand released a report at the end of 2006 which furthered this effort. The report proposed reopening DMK as a way to avoid or delay second-stage expansion which had been planned for Suvarnabhumi.[13]
On 30 January 2007, the Ministry of Transport recommended temporarily reopening Don Mueang while touch up work proceeded on some taxiways at Suvarnabhumi.[14] The recommendation was subject to approval by the Thai cabinet. On 25 March 2007, the airport officially reopened for some domestic flights.
Because of the 2011 Thailand floods that affected Bangkok and other parts of Thailand, the airport was closed as flood waters flowed onto the runways and affected the lighting.[15][16] Don Mueang reopened on 6 March 2012.
On 16 March 2012, the Government of Thailand under Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra ordered all low-cost, chartered, and non-connecting flights to relocate to Don Mueang. This ended the single-airport policy.[17] Airports of Thailand was ordered to encourage low-cost carriers to shift to Don Mueang to help ease congestion at Suvarnabhumi Airport.[18][19] Suvarnabhumi Airport was designed to handle 45 million passengers per year,[18] but it processed 48 million in 2011 and the number was expected to reach 53 million in 2012. Some ten airlines may relocate to Don Mueang. Budget airline Nok Air is already serving flights from and to Don Mueang. Nok Air handles about four million passengers per year. Orient Thai Airlines and Thai AirAsia have also started operations at Don Mueang. Thai AirAsia carried 7.2 million passengers in 2011. The number is projected to grow to eight million in 2012.[20]
Expansion
[edit]As of 2012, Terminal 1 is capable of handling 18.5 million passengers annually.[21] On 7 September 2013, Airports of Thailand announced its three billion baht renovation to reopen Terminal 2 as early as May 2014. Terminal 1's passengers in 2013 will likely reach 16 million against its capacity of 18.5 million. Completion of Terminal 2 in December 2015 increases Don Mueang's passenger capacity to 30 million a year.[22]
The third phase of Don Mueang's 36.8 billion baht expansion is scheduled to start in the second half of 2023 and will be completed in 2029.[23] It aims to increase the airport's passenger capacity to 50 million per year.[citation needed]
On 7 September 2022, an Airbus A380 made an emergency landing on runway 21R at Don Mueang.[24][25][26]
Terminals
[edit]Don Mueang International Airport has three terminals. Terminal 1 is used for international flights and Terminal 2 for domestic flights. The opening of Terminal 2 has raised the airport's capacity to 30 million passengers per year.[27]
Terminal 3, the old domestic terminal, has been abandoned since 2011. The new Terminal 3 will have a capacity of 20 million passengers yearly and is scheduled to be completed by 2029.[23] The 36.8 billion baht project will raise overall airport capacity from 30 to 50 million annually.[28]
Airlines and destinations
[edit]Statistics
[edit]In 2019, the airport reached its full capacity of 52 flights per hour or about 700–800 flights per day. By the end of 2019, it is expected to top its maximum passenger handling capacity of 40 million. Airport manager AoT forecasts 41 million passengers in 2020 and 45 million by 2023. The airport was designed to serve a maximum of 30 million passengers annually. Building additional runways is not possible. AoT is encouraging airlines to use wide-body aircraft at Don Mueang to increase passenger loads from 100–200 passengers to about 300 per aircraft.[28]
Passenger figures
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Thai_Airways_tails-KayEss-2.jpeg/220px-Thai_Airways_tails-KayEss-2.jpeg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/201701_International_Terminal_of_DMK.jpg/220px-201701_International_Terminal_of_DMK.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Terminal_2%2C_DMK_May_2016_%286%29.jpg/220px-Terminal_2%2C_DMK_May_2016_%286%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Terminal_2%2C_DMK_May_2016_%284%29.jpg/220px-Terminal_2%2C_DMK_May_2016_%284%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/201701_Arrival_Corridor_in_Domestic_Arrival_of_DMK.jpg/220px-201701_Arrival_Corridor_in_Domestic_Arrival_of_DMK.jpg)
Total passenger traffic through Don Mueang jumped 40.7 percent to 30.3 million in 2015, with international numbers rising 53.1 percent to 9.17 million and domestic passengers increasing 35.9 percent to 21.1 million. Aircraft movements rose by 29.8 percent to 224,074, including 158,804 domestic (up 26.2 percent) and 65,270 international (up 39.3 percent).[93]
Calendar year | Passengers | Change from the previous | Movements | Cargo (tons) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | 5,043,235 | – | – | – |
2009 | 2,466,997 | ![]() |
– | – |
2010 | 2,999,867 | ![]() |
– | – |
2011 | 3,424,915 | ![]() |
51,301 | – |
2012 | 5,983,141 | ![]() |
65,120 | 7,329 |
2013 | 16,479,227 | ![]() |
154,827 | 25,657 |
2014 | 21,546,568 | ![]() |
172,681 | 29,086 |
2015 | 30,304,183 | ![]() |
224,074 | 45,488 |
2016[94] | 35,203,757 | ![]() |
244,296 | 67,884 |
2017 | 38,299,757 | ![]() |
256,760 | 67,777 |
2018 | 40,758,148 | ![]() |
272,361 | 55,250 |
2019 | 41,313,439 | ![]() |
272,363 | 43,586 |
2020 | 15,765,854 | ![]() |
133,307 | 15,226 |
2021 | 5,059,048 | ![]() |
120,683 | 20,685 |
2022 | 16,130,626 | ![]() |
133,307 | 6,543 |
2023 | 26,980,428 | ![]() |
184,542 | 14,210 |
Source: Airports of Thailand |
![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Year | Domestic | International | Total | Change% |
---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | 5,043,235 | 5,043,235 | ![]() | |
2009 | 2,466,997 | 2,466,997 | ![]() | |
2010 | 2,999,867 | 2,999,867 | ![]() | |
2011 | 3,424,915 | 3,424,915 | ![]() | |
2012 | 5,983,141 | ![]() | ||
2013 | 11,190,783 | 5,288,444 | 16,479,227 | ![]() |
2014 | 15,556,627 | 5,989,941 | 21,546,568 | ![]() |
2015 | 21,133,502 | 9,170,681 | 30,304,183 | ![]() |
2016[94] | 23,323,457 | 11,880,300 | 35,203,757 | ![]() |
2017 | 23,942,371 | 14,357,386 | 38,299,757 | ![]() |
2018 | 24,779,256 | 15,978,892 | 40,758,148 | ![]() |
2019 | 23,456,123 | 17,857,316 | 41,331,439 | ![]() |
2020 | 13,039,448 | 2,726,406 | 15,765,854 | ![]() |
2021 | 5,045,193 | 13,855 | 5,059,048 | ![]() |
2022 | 13,524,424 | 2,606,202 | 16,130,626 | ![]() |
2023 | 17,009,418 | 9,971,010 | 26,980,428 | ![]() |
Busiest domestic routes 2019
[edit]Rank | Airport | Passengers Handled 2019 | %Change |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Chiang Mai | 3,564,487 | ![]() |
2 | Phuket | 3,016,280 | ![]() |
3 | Hat Yai | 2,574,739 | ![]() |
4 | Udon Thani | 1,656,430 | ![]() |
5 | Chiang Rai | 1,549,745 | ![]() |
Busiest international routes
[edit]Rank | Airport | Passengers 2019 | % Change |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Kuala Lumpur–International | 1,339,182 | ![]() |
2 | Tokyo–Narita | 1,279,186 | ![]() |
3 | Singapore | 1,071,336 | ![]() |
4 | Yangon | 790,496 | ![]() |
5 | Osaka–Kansai | 662,318 | ![]() |
6 | Seoul–Incheon | 643,606 | ![]() |
7 | Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta | 585,981 | ![]() |
8 | Taipei–Taoyuan | 551,848 | ![]() |
9 | Ho Chi Minh City | 510,873 | ![]() |
10 | Nanjing | 440,051 | ![]() |
Other facilities
[edit]- The following companies had head offices on the airport property, before ceasing operations: Siam Air[96] and R Airlines[97]
- Don Mueang International Airport is a joint-use facility, shared with the Royal Thai Air Force's (RTAF) Don Muang Royal Thai Air Force Base, and is the home of the RTAF 1st Air Division, which consists primarily of non-combat aircraft.
- A RTAF golf course is located between the two runways. The course has no separation from the runway, and golfers are held back by a red light whenever planes land.
Accidents and incidents
[edit]Flight
[edit]- 25 December 1976 – EgyptAir Flight 864, a Boeing 707-300 bound for Bangkok from Cairo, crashed into an industrial area near the airport during a landing attempt. All 53 aboard were killed.
- 27 April 1980 – Thai Airways Flight 231, a BAe 748 which was en route from Khon Kaen to Bangkok, lost altitude during a thunderstorm and crashed about 13 km from Bangkok International Airport. All four crew members and 40 of the 49 passengers were killed.
- 1 April 1981 – Indonesian Special Forces (Kopassus) raided hijacked Garuda Indonesia Flight 206 which was en route from Palembang to Polonia Airport (hijacked in Indonesian airspace). All 48 passengers safe, seven fatalities (one commando, one co-pilot, five terrorists). Imran bin Muhammad Zein, hijacker leader, captured.
- 9 September 1988 – Vietnam Airlines Flight 831 crashed while on approach to Don Mueang International Airport. 76 of the 90 passengers and crew on board were killed.
- 26 May 1991 – Lauda Air Flight 004, a Boeing 767-300ER (registered OE-LAV, named Mozart) which was headed to Vienna, suffered an in-flight deployment of the thrust reverser on the No. 1 engine after taking off from Don Mueang. All 223 people on board were killed.
- 21 January 1992 – Douglas VC-47D L2-41/15/210 of the Royal Thai Air Force was damaged beyond repair in a landing accident.[98]
- 23 September 1999 – Qantas Flight 1, in what was then the most serious incident in the airline's famously safe jet aircraft history, a Boeing 747-400 overshot the runway causing significant damage but no casualties.
- 3 March 2001 – Thai Airways International Flight 114, a Boeing 737-400 (registered HS-TDC, named Narathiwat), bound for Chiang Mai from Bangkok, was destroyed by an explosion and fire that occurred about 35 minutes before Thaksin Shinawatra, later to become Prime Minister of Thailand, and about 150 other passengers were to board. Five members of the cabin crew were aboard, and one was killed. Witnesses said they heard an explosion before flames erupted aboard the aircraft. Subsequently, NTSB investigators reported that the central fuel tank had exploded followed by the right tank 18 minutes later. The cause for the explosion was unclear, though some speculate it was an assassination attempt based on chemicals found during the subsequent investigation.
Ground
[edit]- 29 June 2023 – At 8.30 am a 57-year-old female had her bag trapped at the end of moving walkway in the south corridor of the departures level in the domestic terminal. CCTV footage showed the bag hitting the woman's left leg which was followed by in the floor surface sinking, pulling her left leg into the roller mechanism.[99] The woman was sent to Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital where she later received an above-knee amputation due to her wounds.[100] Later investigation revealed 3 out of 4 screws fixing the moving walkway base had become loose and disappeared, resulting in inadequate weight bearing and sinking of the walkway surface. This was not the first incident as there had initially been reports of people having their sandals trapped and shredded in the airport's walkways. The investigation team concluded a negligence in the maintenance of the walkways and dismissed 68 airport officials including the airport director.[101]
Ground transportation
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bonluck_JXK6120L-NGV-01_A4_1-70288.jpg/220px-Bonluck_JXK6120L-NGV-01_A4_1-70288.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Don_Mueang_Station_%28SRT_Dark_Red_Line%29_to_Don_Mueang_International_Airport_01.jpg/220px-Don_Mueang_Station_%28SRT_Dark_Red_Line%29_to_Don_Mueang_International_Airport_01.jpg)
Transfer to/from Suvarnabhumi Airport
[edit]Don Mueang International Airport is approximately 1–1.5 hours from Suvarnabhumi Airport by rail or bus. There are also direct buses between the airports operated by Airport Shuttle Bus.
Road
[edit]The airport has two main access routes. Among these the most convenient route is via the Don Mueang Tollway. Another main airport entrance is Vibhavadi Rangsit Road. The two routes run parallel, one over the other.
Four bus routes service the airport, route A1 runs between the airport and Bangkok Bus Terminal (Chatuchak), route A2 runs between the airport and Victory Monument, route A3 runs between the airport and Lumphini Park, and route A4 runs between the airport and Sanam Luang.[102]
Rail
[edit]Don Mueang International Airport is served by the SRT Dark Red Line and the State Railway of Thailand intercity services at Don Mueang railway station that connects to central Bangkok at Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal.
AOT plans to build a three-kilometre monorail to link the airport with the BTS Green Line. Approval of the three billion baht project is expected by the end of 2020.[28]
Notes
[edit]References
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- ^ "Mainland Chinese Carriers NS23 International / Regional Network – 14MAY23". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ^ "Thai AirAsia to resume flights to Ahmedabad from October 10". JetArena. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Thai AirAsia Adds Bangkok – Beijing Service in 3Q24". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f "AirAsia Thailand to resume flights to seven countries in April". Malaymail. 14 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
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- ^ "Thai Airasia Adds Bangladesh service from late November 2022". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
- ^ "Thai AirAsia resumes Fukuoka service from Oct 2022". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ "Thai AirAsia to launch flights to Guwahati from December 1". AviationAll. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ "THAI AIRASIA NW24 INTERNATIONAL NETWORK EXPANSION – 23JUL24". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
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- ^ "Thai AirAsia Adds Bangkok – Kaohsiung Service in 1Q24". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
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- ^ "Thai Air Asia to Lucknow". Retrieved 4 December 2022.
- ^ "Thai AirAsia adds Okinawa: NS24 Service Expansion". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
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- ^ "Thai AirAsia expands Bangkok – Shanghai service from Feb 2024". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
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- ^ "Chengdu Tianfu NS23 International Network – 21MAR23". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ a b c "Thai Lion Air NS24 Mainland China Network Additions". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
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- ^ "Thai Lion Air Resumes Nepal Service From Nov 2022". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
- ^ "Hello : Bangkok (Don Mueang) to Kochi". Thai Lion Air. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
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- ^ "Thai Lion Air 4Q22 International Service Additions". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
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- ^ "Thai Lion Air Adds Taipei – Tokyo Service From mid-Sep 2023". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
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- ^ "T'Way Air 2Q23 Cheongju international network additions". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ^ "T'Way Air adds Seoul – Bangkok Don Mueang service in late-April 2023". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
- ^ "Vietnam Airlines schedules Da Nang – Bangkok Don Mueang from late-Nov 2023". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
- ^ Kositchotethana, Boonsong (1 February 2016). "AoT airports set new record in passenger traffic". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
- ^ a b "AOT Air Traffic Calendar Year 2016 (Jan-Dec 2016)" (PDF). Airports of Thailand. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
- ^ a b "Annual Airport 2019" (PDF). Airports of Thailand PCL. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ^ Home page Archived 26 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Siam Air. Retrieved on 26 October 2016. "CONTACT INFO Address : Siam Air Transport Co., Ltd. 222 Room 2323 P Vibhavadi – Rangsit Road Donmueang International Airport, Donmueang, Bangkok, Thailand 10210"
- ^ "Headquarter Archived 13 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine." [sic] R Airlines. Retrieved on 27 January 2013.
- ^ "L2-41/15/210 Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
- ^ "ช็อก! ผู้โดยสารล้มบนทางเลื่อน สนามบินดอนเมือง ถูกทางเลื่อนดูด ขาซ้ายขาด".
- ^ "สนามบินดอนเมืองหยุดใช้ "ทางเลื่อน" ทั้งหมด-เร่งสอบสาเหตุอุบัติเหตุ".
- ^ "เด้ง ผอ.ดอนเมือง เซ่นทางเลื่อน ทอท.สรุปปมดูดขาขาด นอตหลุดไม่ตรวจสอบ".
- ^ Ketbungkan, Kaewta (28 April 2017). "New Shuttle bus routes to Don Mueang Airport to open Monday". Khaosod English. Thailand. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
External links
[edit]Media related to Don Muang International Airport at Wikimedia Commons
Don Muang Airport travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Don Mueang International Airport Official site
- News video of the last two flights from Don Mueang, as telecast on MCOT